It is possible, this depends on who earned the majority of the income or if it was equal. Filing as single you have $10,400 more in taxable income than you do as filing a joint return as you have one more exemption and the standard deduction is half for single.
So, if you make $50,000 and he was making $10,000, then yes I would reasonably expect your taxes to be doubled.
The best way to figure this out is to look at your tax return and compare the numbers on the return. This will show you where the differences are. Line 24 and 26 of your 1040A or lines 40 and 42 of your 1040 will show you the standard deduction difference and exemption difference. Just go through the rest of the lines to determine what else is making the difference.
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