Surprised meals aren't qualified medical expenses. Very different costs from eating at home and on the road.

The IRS says you would have had to eaten regardless. 

I understand that lodging expense to claim is no more than $50 per night, per person.  How are travel expenses looked at?  For instance person "A" needed to travel by air for surgery and they required someone to assist them throughout the trip, person "B."  Can travel expense for both "A" and "B" be claimed or just for person "A" who is undergoing the surgery?

It depends. The IRS will allow the cost of airfare for a parent accompanying a child for medical treatment. They will also allow the cost of airfare for a nurse or other person who can give injections, medications, or other treatment required by the patient who is traveling to get medical care. However, the patient must not be able to travel alone. Please view the transportation expenses section under What Medical Expenses Are Includible? in this IRS link for more information.