Expect it to take a couple of weeks ... about the same time the IRS will send a letter in the mail.
You can check with the Bureau of Fiscal Services to see if there is an offset order on record for you:
You can contact the IRS Treasury Offset Program Call Center at 1-800-304-3107 to ask if they have an offset for you on file. TurboTax would not have that information.
https://turbotax.intuit.com/tax-tips/tax-payments/who-can-garnish-an-income-tax-refund/L7cPPzDyc
https://www.irs.gov/uac/tax-refund-offsets-pay-unpaid-debts
