Sorry that you are facing this issue. Can you please let us know if you are in Win10 Pro?

I'm using Windows 10 Education

Installing the program with Windows 8 compatibility worked!  Thanks SteamTrain!

Good to know that it worked. Can you please let me know the OS config that you were in? it would be helpful to understand why only few customers are facing this?

OS: Windows 10 Education (64 bit) (version 1709; build 16299.64)
RAM: 8 GB
Processor: Intel Core i5-7200U CPU 2.50Ghz

@cmscarr Thanks for responding. Glad that the work around helped you. TT TY17 is compatible with Win 10 and maximum no. of customers are on Win10. While most of them are able to successfully install, very few of them are facing issues. Please let me know if you would be able to share more details, which will help us.
1. did you see the progress screen that reached 100 %
2. was there any error shown
3. can you please share the logs if possible, from the location : C:\ProgramData\Intuit\TurboTax\MSI\TY17\Logs

I had this exact installation problem problem and the W8 compatibility mode suggestion solved it. In answer to the questions above:
1. Yes the first progress screen indicating TT was ready to install reached 100%.
2. No errors were shown
3. C:\ProgramData\Intuit\TurboTax\MSI\TY17  There is no folder call Logs under this folder. Maybe because I have installed TT2017 using the recommended answer in this thread??

OS : W10 Pro, Version 1709  OS build 16299.64
RAM: 8G
Processor: Intel Core i5-4430 <a rel="nofollow" target="_blank" href="mailto:CPU@3.00GHz">CPU@3.00GHz</a>

@schwarz_brian thanks for responding. You should be seeing the location as C:\ProgramData\Intuit\TurboTax\MSI\TY17\Logs

I found the Logs folder. There is a 20171119_TTINSTALLER.log from yesterday when TT failed to install. There are seven logs from today 20171120 when TT did install using the W8 Compatibility method.

@schwarz_brian thanks for responding. Can you please zip the the folder "logs" and share please. Thanks again for responding. It will be super helpful.

@schwarz_brian Hi Brian. Good Morning. Hope you are doing good. We have reached out to your mail id. Kindly request you to share the logs over mail.

@schwarz_brian Kindly let us know.

I have had the same problem, which was resolved using WIN 8 compatibility..  Where do you want me to send the log? Windows 10 Pro
Version 10.0.16299 Build 16299
Intel Core i5-3317U @ 1.70GHz

@emigh Thanks for responding. You can click on Contribute an Answer at the below. You will see an attach files option, please do zip the logs folder and attach it in this forum itself. Thanks again.