No, you get no deductions for federal taxes owed from a prior year.
Any state taxes you pay for prior years may be able to be included in itemized deductions as state taxes paid though.
Note: Any refund you are entitled to for the 2016 tax return will automatically be applied to the past due 2014 balance due. Some people think since they have a payment plan their refund will still be received, but it doesn't work that way.
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