How can I tell if my federal income tax withheld is accurate?

That would have to involve a discussion with your employer.   And.....do you have paystubs from your 2023 paychecks?   Compare them to the amounts you are seeing in boxes 2 and 17 of your W-2.

As stated by, xmasbaby0, you can figure out if the amount withheld matches the amount on the W-2 by using paystubs.  On the paystubs you will add each amount of Federal withholding for each pay period to see if that total matches the amount on Box 2 of the W-2.  If not, then you will need to discuss the difference with your Human Resource Department.

However, The amount of tax withheld from your pay depends on what you earn each pay period. It also depends on what information you gave your employer on Form W-4 when you started working. This information, like your filing status, can affect the tax rate used to calculate your withholding.  

Since the exact amount that is withheld from your pay can change with each paycheck, the easiest way to figure out your tax withholding is by estimating it.

See the IRS Tax Withholding for Individuals page to:

• Know when to check your withholding
• Use the withholding estimator tool to estimate your tax withholding

There may be times during the tax year where you may need to adjust the withholding taxes.  You may receive increases, bonuses, new jobs etc. and therefore may need to change your withholding.  The link above will assist with making those adjustments.

@alicyia05